It is my
opinion that every reference to bilingualism must take into account the Sapir-Whorf
Hypothesis, according to which language shapes thought. According to this hypothesis, not only does language
shape thought, it actually fully and totally dictates the complex system of
concepts, ideas, thoughts and terms which constitute out perception of the
world we live in. The world is as we perceive
it, and we perceive it through words. A
person is therefore bound to filter the world through the range grammatical and
lexical Units available in the language or languages, with which he's familiar.
Assuming
even partial correctness of this hypothesis (which I personally do) there still
remains the question of whether the attachment or rather submission of thought to
language should be considered in positive or negative eyes.
Bilingualism
within the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis can only be regarded as a positive, highly
beneficial property. The familiarity
with and access to more and completing units of language allows for a more
elaborate intuitive understanding of the world.
In theory, a person mastering two languages would also master two
separate perceptual worlds, possibly cultural worlds, which combine together in
his mind to provide a broader spectrum of thought. In plain words, knowing the term 'home', for
instance, in two languages should according to Sapir-Whorf provide a broader
understanding of its sense. In reality,
bilingualism may also manifest itself in other, less rigid ways, which again in
plain words, could mean that the term 'home' would have a rich connotational
meaning in one of the languages, but nothing other than its dictionary definition
in the other. This off course can still be considered more
beneficial than knowing only one of the two.
A
representing example of a less rigid bilingualism may be that of Russian-Hebrew
bilingualism among the youngest generation of Russian immigrant descendants,
who have been born, raised and educated solely in Israel, but still maintain both
languages. On the surface these young
people, seem to have both Hebrew and Russian as their native
languages. Scratching the surface would
immediately reveal how wrong this impression is. Russian and Hebrew have been acquired in
different settings. The language of
choice is usually context dependent, code switching is abounding, and there may
be deep gaps in literate capabilities between the two languages. No one would claim that the members of this
group are not bilingual, but they are bilingual in a way, which suggest a kind
of only partial conceptual overlap between the two languages, rather than the
existence of some completely unified perceptual world.
Like
almost every discussion involving the Sapir-Hypothesis, this one too, ends with
the conclusion it is a theoretical framework, which has to be regarded as an ideal
and non realistic model.
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